We4u IAS

  NEW CRIMINAL LAWS COME INTO EFFECT FROM JULY 1 Why In News: On July 1, 2024, India implemented three new criminal laws that replaced colonial-era laws: 1.      Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS): Replaces the Indian Penal Code (IPC) 2.      Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS): Replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) 3.      Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA): Replaces the Indian Evidence Act. The new laws represent a major overhaul of India's criminal justice system. For example, the BSA allows electronic and digital records to be used as evidence, with the same legal effect as paper records. The definition of documents is also expanded to include electronic records like emails, server logs, and websites. The BNSS also gives states the flexibility to amend some provisions to suit their needs, while still maintaining a unified national framework. Significance of new criminal laws §   Reformativ...

  PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION Why in the news? Recently, experts in India have called to consider Proportional Representation (PR) for Lok Sabha and State Assembly elections instead First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) electoral system. What is Proportional Representation (PR)? §   The Proportional Elec toral System is an electoral system where the political parties get as much representation (number of seats) in the legislature as much share of votes they get in the elections. §   Proportional representation (PR) is a voting system that aims to fairly represent political parties based on their share of the vote. Unlike the First Past the Post (FPTP) system, Proportional Representation ensures that every vote counts towards allocating seats in Parliament or other elected bodies. Types of Proportional Representation in India Single Transferable Vote (STV) §   The single transferable vote allows a voter to rank his/her candidate in order of preference, i.e., by...

  COALITION GOVERNMENT Why In News: §   Recently concluded 2024 General Elections of Lok Sabha resulted in formation of a coalition government at the centre as no political party got a clear majority in the Lower House of the Parliament. What is a Coalition Government: §   Coalition government is defined as when several political parties join hands to form a government and exercise political power based on a common agreed programme. §   Coalitions usually occur in modern parliaments when no single political party gets clear majority. §   If several parties with a majority of elected members can agree on a shared plan without compromising too much with their policies, they can form a government. Features Of Coalition Government: §   A coalition implies the existence of at least two parties to form government. §   Pragmatism and not ideology mark of coalition politics. §   Coalition politics is not a static but a dynamic affair a...

  Quantum Nonlocality: §   While classical physics assumes locality, the principle of nonlocality is a feature of many interpretations of quantum mechanics. §   Nonlocality describes the apparent ability of objects to instantaneously know about each other’s state, even when separated by large distances (potentially even billions of light years), almost as if the universe at large instantaneously arranges its particles in anticipation of future events. §   This is in direct contravention of the "principle of locality" (or what Einstein called the "principle of local action"), the idea that distant objects cannot have direct influence on one another, and that an object is directly influenced only by its immediate surroundings, an idea on which almost all of physics is predicated. §   Non locality occurs due to the phenomenon of entanglement, whereby particles that interact with each other become permanently correlated, or dependent on each other’s states a...

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2024 Yojama CDE  

                                                                                                                         MAY CURRENT AFFAIRS 2024

  National Handloom Day 2024 Why In News: National Handloom Day 2024 will be celebrated on August 7th, 2024 to honour India’s rich handloom heritage. As the nation celebrates the 10th National Handloom Day 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi gave a call for ‘Vocal for Local.’ The day promotes indigenous craftsmanship, supports weavers, and highlights the handloom sector’s socio-economic significance. Significance of Handlooms in India ·        The Handloom Sector in India is a significant and key performing part of the country’s economy, culture, and social fabric. Here are some key aspects that underline the significance of National Handloom Day: 1.      Economic Contribution Employment: The handloom industry is the second-largest employment provider in India after agriculture. Handloom Industry and Exports: Handloom products contribute significantly to India’s export earnings was $1802.36 Mn during Apr-Mar 2024; G...